For centuries, humans have turned to nature to influence mood and cognition -chewing on ginkgo, ginseng, coca leaves, or turmeric root. In modern times, people have turned to for everything from sharper thinking, better memory, to improved mental performance. These substances, ranging from familiar options like caffeine to lesser-known compounds such as and vincamine, are gaining traction among those looking to enhance brain function in an increasingly demanding world.

Cognitive Function

Chris D’Adamo, director of the Center for Integrative Medicine at the University of Maryland School of Medicine, describes nootropics as distinct from prescription “smart drugs” like Adderall and Modafinil, which are controlled substances often associated with performance enhancement in high-stress environments like Silicon Valley. Instead, nootropics, which can be botanical or synthetic, aim to support cognitive function without significant side effects. While skeptics argue that the benefits of nootropics may be largely placebo, D’Adamo and others in the field suggest they could play a role in staving off mild cognitive impairment—the gray zone between normal aging and dementia.

Ingredients

Among the more accessible nootropics is L-Theanine, an amino acid found in green tea that promotes a calm yet alert state when combined with caffeine. Then there’s Creatine Monohydrate, a popular supplement known for muscle building, which also shows promise for brain health by boosting energy production and potentially alleviating depression. Lion’s Mane Mushroom, rich in compounds that promote neuron growth, offers cognitive benefits without the jittery side effects of caffeine. Other options include Vincamine, which enhances cerebral blood flow but requires caution for those with migraines or on blood thinners, and Huperzine

, which boosts acetylcholine levels and is considered neuroprotective.